Unit Testing
Unit testing checks one small part of the system
Example: Checking whether HolidayLandmark calculates the correct booking price for three travellers.
Functional testing
Functional testing checks whether a complete feature works correctly.
Example: Checking whether a customer can select a trip, enter traveller details and successfully create a booking.
UI testing
UI testing checks what the user sees and uses on the website.
Example: Checking whether the Book Now button is visible, clickable and shows a success message after booking.
Unit Testing
def calculate_total(price_per_person, travellers):
return price_per_person * travellers
def test_calculate_total():
assert calculate_total(5000, 3) == 15000
It does not check the database, API or booking page—only this function.
# tests/test_units.py
import pytest
from datetime import date
# 1. Calculate booking price
def calculate_total(price, travellers):
return price * travellers
def test_calculate_total():
assert calculate_total(5000, 3) == 15000
# 2. Apply discount
def apply_discount(total, percentage):
return total - (total * percentage / 100)
def test_apply_discount():
assert apply_discount(10000, 10) == 9000
# 3. Calculate tax
def calculate_tax(amount, tax_rate):
return amount * tax_rate / 100
def test_calculate_tax():
assert calculate_tax(10000, 18) == 1800
# 4. Validate number of travellers
def validate_travellers(travellers):
return 1 <= travellers <= 20
def test_validate_travellers():
assert validate_travellers(4) is True
assert validate_travellers(0) is False
# 5. Check trip availability
def is_trip_available(available_seats, requested_seats):
return available_seats >= requested_seats
def test_trip_availability():
assert is_trip_available(10, 4) is True
assert is_trip_available(2, 4) is False
# 6. Validate travel dates
def valid_dates(start_date, end_date):
return end_date >= start_date
def test_valid_dates():
assert valid_dates(date(2026, 10, 10), date(2026, 10, 15)) is True
# 7. Create booking reference
def create_booking_reference(booking_id):
return f"HL-{booking_id:06d}"
def test_booking_reference():
assert create_booking_reference(25) == "HL-000025"
# 8. Calculate average trip rating
def average_rating(ratings):
return round(sum(ratings) / len(ratings), 1) if ratings else 0
def test_average_rating():
assert average_rating([4, 5, 5, 4]) == 4.5
# 9. Validate rating range
def valid_rating(rating):
return 1 <= rating <= 5
def test_valid_rating():
assert valid_rating(5) is True
assert valid_rating(6) is False
# 10. Calculate cancellation refund
def calculate_refund(amount, cancellation_charge):
return amount - cancellation_charge
def test_calculate_refund():
assert calculate_refund(15000, 2000) == 13000
Functional testing
Functional testing checks whether the complete booking feature works according to the requirement.
def test_create_booking(client):
response = client.post("/bookings", json={
"trip_id": 10,
"travellers": 3
})
assert response.status_code == 201
assert response.json()["total_price"] == 15000
assert response.json()["status"] == "pending"
This test checks that the API creates a booking, calculates the price and returns the correct result.
tests/test_functional.py
Assume client is a configured FastAPI TestClient.
# 1. Create a trip
def test_create_trip(client):
response = client.post("/trips", json={
"name": "Goa Beach Holiday",
"price": 5000,
"available_seats": 20
})
assert response.status_code == 201
assert response.json()["name"] == "Goa Beach Holiday"
# 2. Get trip details
def test_get_trip(client, created_trip):
response = client.get(f"/trips/{created_trip['id']}")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json()["id"] == created_trip["id"]
# 3. List all trips
def test_list_trips(client):
response = client.get("/trips")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert isinstance(response.json(), list)
# 4. Filter trips by destination
def test_filter_trips(client):
response = client.get("/trips?destination=Goa")
assert response.status_code == 200
assert all(trip["destination"] == "Goa" for trip in response.json())
# 5. Create a booking
def test_create_booking(client):
response = client.post("/bookings", json={
"trip_id": 10,
"travellers": 3
})
assert response.status_code == 201
assert response.json()["status"] == "pending"
# 6. Reject booking when seats are unavailable
def test_booking_without_seats(client):
response = client.post("/bookings", json={
"trip_id": 10,
"travellers": 100
})
assert response.status_code == 400
assert response.json()["detail"] == "Not enough seats"
# 7. Cancel a booking
def test_cancel_booking(client, created_booking):
response = client.patch(
f"/bookings/{created_booking['id']}/cancel"
)
assert response.status_code == 200
assert response.json()["status"] == "cancelled"
# 8. Submit a trip review
def test_submit_review(client):
response = client.post("/reviews", json={
"trip_id": 10,
"rating": 5,
"comment": "Excellent experience"
})
assert response.status_code == 201
assert response.json()["rating"] == 5
# 9. Reject an invalid review rating
def test_invalid_review_rating(client):
response = client.post("/reviews", json={
"trip_id": 10,
"rating": 7,
"comment": "Invalid rating"
})
assert response.status_code == 422
# 10. Prevent unauthorized trip creation
def test_unauthorized_trip_creation(client):
response = client.post("/trips", json={
"name": "Kerala Holiday",
"price": 7000
})
assert response.status_code in [401, 403]
UI testing
UI testing checks the actual HolidayLandmark page that the customer uses.
def test_booking_page(page):
page.goto("https://holidaylandmark.com/trips/10")
page.fill("#travellers", "3")
page.click("#book-now")
assert page.locator(".total-price").inner_text() == "₹15,000"
assert page.locator(".success-message").is_visible()
tests/test_ui.py
BASE_URL = "https://holidaylandmark.com"
# 1. Check homepage heading
def test_homepage_heading(page):
page.goto(BASE_URL)
heading = page.locator("h1")
assert heading.is_visible()
# 2. Search for a destination
def test_search_destination(page):
page.goto(BASE_URL)
page.fill("#destination", "Goa")
page.click("#search-button")
assert "Goa" in page.locator(".trip-card").first.inner_text()
# 3. Filter trips by price
def test_price_filter(page):
page.goto(f"{BASE_URL}/trips")
page.fill("#maximum-price", "10000")
page.click("#apply-filter")
prices = page.locator(".trip-price").all_inner_texts()
assert all(int(p.replace("₹", "").replace(",", "")) <= 10000 for p in prices)
# 4. Open trip details
def test_open_trip_details(page):
page.goto(f"{BASE_URL}/trips")
page.locator(".trip-card").first.click()
assert page.locator(".trip-details").is_visible()
# 5. Complete the booking form
def test_booking_form(page):
page.goto(f"{BASE_URL}/trips/10")
page.fill("#travellers", "3")
page.click("#book-now")
assert page.locator(".booking-success").is_visible()
# 6. Show an error for zero travellers
def test_invalid_traveller_count(page):
page.goto(f"{BASE_URL}/trips/10")
page.fill("#travellers", "0")
page.click("#book-now")
assert page.locator(".traveller-error").is_visible()
# 7. User login
def test_user_login(page):
page.goto(f"{BASE_URL}/login")
page.fill("#email", "customer@example.com")
page.fill("#password", "TestPassword123")
page.click("#login-button")
assert page.locator(".dashboard").is_visible()
# 8. Add a trip to favourites
def test_add_trip_to_favourites(page):
page.goto(f"{BASE_URL}/trips/10")
page.click("#favourite-button")
assert page.locator("#favourite-button").get_attribute(
"data-selected"
) == "true"
# 9. Submit a review
def test_submit_review_ui(page):
page.goto(f"{BASE_URL}/bookings/25")
page.click('[data-rating="5"]')
page.fill("#review-comment", "Wonderful trip!")
page.click("#submit-review")
assert page.locator(".review-success").is_visible()
# 10. Check the mobile menu
def test_mobile_navigation(page):
page.set_viewport_size({"width": 375, "height": 812})
page.goto(BASE_URL)
page.click("#mobile-menu-button")
assert page.locator("#mobile-menu").is_visible()
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