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rakesh kumar
rakesh kumar

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How to Building Robust CI/CD Pipelines with Conditional Steps in GitHub Actions

Popular Conditional Commands for CI/CD
Mastering Conditional Logic in GitHub Actions: Practical If-Else Patterns for CI/CD
Building Robust CI/CD Pipelines with Conditional Steps in GitHub Actions
Status Check Functions: success(), failure(), always(), and cancelled() in GitHub Actions for ci cd/setup

Popular Conditional Commands for CI/CD 

# 1. Continue on error for a step (GitHub Actions)
- name: Run tests
  run: npm test
  continue-on-error: true
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# 2. Continue on error for a job (GitHub Actions)
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    continue-on-error: true
    steps:
      - run: make build
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# 3. Always run a step, even if previous steps failed (GitHub Actions)
- name: Upload logs
  run: ./upload-logs.sh
  if: always()
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# 4. Only run if previous steps succeeded
- name: Deploy
  run: ./deploy.sh
  if: success()
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# 5. Only run if previous steps failed
- name: Notify on failure
  run: ./notify-failure.sh
  if: failure()
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# 6. Run on success or failure (Azure Pipelines)
- task: PublishTestResults@2
  condition: succeededOrFailed()
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# 7. Continue on error for a task (Azure Pipelines)
- task: SomeTask@1
  continueOnError: true
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# 8. Custom condition using variables (Azure Pipelines)
- script: echo "Conditional step"
  condition: eq(variables['Build.SourceBranch'], 'refs/heads/main')
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# 9. Run only on pull requests
- name: PR Check
  run: ./pr-check.sh
  if: github.event_name == 'pull_request'
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# 10. Run only on main branch
- name: Main branch deploy
  run: ./deploy-main.sh
  if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main'
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# 11. Skip step if previous failed
- name: Lint
  run: npm run lint
  if: success()
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# 12. Run only if a matrix job failed (GitHub Actions)
- name: Matrix failure handler
  run: ./handle-failure.sh
  if: failure() && matrix.os == 'ubuntu-latest'
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# 13. Continue on error in reusable workflow (GitHub Actions)
jobs:
  test:
    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
    continue-on-error: true
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# 14. Run step only if a previous job succeeded with issues (Azure Pipelines)
- job: B
  dependsOn: A
  condition: eq(dependencies.A.result,'SucceededWithIssues')
  steps:
    - script: echo "Job B ran"
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# 15. Run step only if a file changed (GitHub Actions)
- name: Run if src changed
  run: ./src-changed.sh
  if: contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'src')
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# 16. Timeout for a step (GitHub Actions)
- name: Long running task
  run: ./long-task.sh
  timeout-minutes: 10
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# 17. Run only if environment variable is set
- name: Run if ENV is set
  run: ./run-if-env.sh
  if: env.MY_ENV_VAR != ''
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# 18. Continue on error for deployment (Azure Pipelines)
- task: AzureRmWebAppDeployment@4
  continueOnError: true
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# 19. Run step only if previous step was skipped
- name: Handle skipped
  run: ./handle-skipped.sh
  if: skipped()
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# 20. Run only if previous steps were canceled
- name: Handle cancel
  run: ./handle-cancel.sh
  if: cancelled()
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# 21. Run a step only if a previous step succeeded (GitHub Actions)
- name: Build Docker image
  run: docker build -t myapp .
  if: steps.test.outcome == 'success'
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# 22. Run a step only if a previous step failed (GitHub Actions)
- name: Debug on test failure
  run: ./debug.sh
  if: steps.test.outcome == 'failure'
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# 23. Run a job only if another job failed (GitHub Actions)
jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./build.sh
  notify:
    needs: build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: needs.build.result == 'failure'
    steps:
      - run: ./notify.sh
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# 24. Run a step only for tagged commits
- name: Deploy tagged release
  run: ./deploy-release.sh
  if: startsWith(github.ref, 'refs/tags/')
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# 25. Skip a step if a specific file was not changed
- name: Build docs if docs changed
  run: ./build-docs.sh
  if: contains(github.event.head_commit.message, 'docs/')
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# 26. Run a step only if a secret is available
- name: Publish if secret exists
  run: ./publish.sh
  if: env.MY_SECRET != ''
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# 27. Continue on error for a matrix job (GitHub Actions)
jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
        node: [12, 14, 16]
    continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.node == 12 }}
    steps:
      - run: npm test
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# 28. Run a step only on schedule event
- name: Scheduled maintenance
  run: ./maintenance.sh
  if: github.event_name == 'schedule'
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# 29. Run a step only if a pull request is labeled "urgent"
- name: Urgent PR action
  run: ./urgent-action.sh
  if: contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'urgent')
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# 30. Run a step only if a previous step was cancelled
- name: Handle cancellation
  run: ./cancel-handler.sh
  if: cancelled()
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# 31. Run a step only if a commit message contains a keyword
- name: Run if message contains [deploy]
  run: ./deploy.sh
  if: contains(github.event.head_commit.message, '[deploy]')
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# 32. Run a step only if an environment variable matches a value
- name: Run for production
  run: ./prod-task.sh
  if: env.ENVIRONMENT == 'production'
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# 33. Run a step only if a job in another workflow succeeded (GitHub Actions with workflow_run)
on:
  workflow_run:
    workflows: ["Build"]
    types:
      - completed
jobs:
  deploy:
    if: github.event.workflow_run.conclusion == 'success'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./deploy.sh
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# 34. Run a step only if a GitHub Actions input is true
- name: Run if input enabled
  run: ./feature.sh
  if: inputs.enableFeature == 'true'
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# 35. Continue on error for a manual approval step (Azure Pipelines)
- task: ManualValidation@0
  inputs:
    notifyUsers: user@domain.com
  continueOnError: true
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Building Robust CI/CD Pipelines with Conditional Steps in GitHub Actions

Branch-Specific Build Matrix

name: Smart Matrix Build
on: [push]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest]
        include:
          - os: ubuntu-latest
            extra_checks: true
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Extended Security Scan
        if: matrix.extra_checks
        run: ./security-scan.sh
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  1. PR Label-Based Deployment 
name: Label-Triggered Deployment
on:
  pull_request:
    types: [labeled]

jobs:
  deploy-preview:
    if: contains(github.event.pull_request.labels.*.name, 'deploy-preview')
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: ./deploy-preview-environment.sh
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  1. Critical Path Optimizer 
name: Critical Path Build
on: [push]

jobs:
  impact-analysis:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      critical: ${{ steps.analyze.outputs.critical }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - id: analyze
        run: echo "critical=$(git diff --name-only HEAD^ | grep -q 'core/'; echo $?)" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

  build:
    needs: impact-analysis
    if: needs.impact-analysis.outputs.critical == '0'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./build-critical-components.sh
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  1. Rollback Automation 
name: Auto-Rollback System
on:
  workflow_run:
    workflows: ["Production Deployment"]
    types:
      - completed

jobs:
  rollback-check:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/github-script@v6
        id: check-deployment
        with:
          script: |
            const { data } = await github.rest.repos.listDeployments({
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              environment: 'production'
            })
            return data[0].statuses_url

  execute-rollback:
    needs: rollback-check
    if: failure() && contains(needs.rollback-check.outputs.result, 'inactive')
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./trigger-rollback.sh
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  1. Cost-Optimized Nightly Builds 
name: Nightly Efficiency
on:
  schedule:
    - cron: '0 22 * * 1-5' # 10PM UTC weekdays

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Lightweight Tests
        run: ./run-fast-tests.sh

      - name: Full Test Suite
        if: github.event.schedule != '0 22 * * 1-5' # Only on manual triggers
        run: ./run-full-tests.sh
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  1. Environment-Aware Configuration 
name: Contextual Config
on: [push]

jobs:
  setup:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      env_config: ${{ steps.config.outputs.file }}
    steps:
      - name: Select Config
        id: config
        run: |
          if [[ ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }} ]]; then
            echo "file=prod.yaml" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          else
            echo "file=dev.yaml" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          fi

  deploy:
    needs: setup
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: ./deploy.sh --config ${{ needs.setup.outputs.env_config }}
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  1. Hotfix Validation Gate 
name: Hotfirex Guardian
on:
  pull_request:
    branches: [hotfix/**]

jobs:
  emergency-check:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: ./validate-hotfix-urgency.sh

  deploy:
    needs: emergency-check
    if: success() && contains(github.event.pull_request.title, '[CRITICAL]')
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./expedited-deploy.sh
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  1. Multi-Stage Approval Chain 
name: Tiered Deployment
on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      environment:
        description: 'Target environment'
        required: true
        default: 'staging'

jobs:
  staging-deploy:
    if: github.event.inputs.environment == 'staging'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./deploy-staging.sh

  production-approval:
    needs: staging-deploy
    if: github.event.inputs.environment == 'production'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/github-script@v6
        with:
          script: |
            github.rest.issues.createComment({
              issue_number: context.issue.number,
              owner: context.repo.owner,
              repo: context.repo.repo,
              body: 'Production deployment requires approval: [Approve](https://...)'
            })
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  1. Auto-Skip Documentation Builds 
name: Doc Impact Filter
on: [push]

jobs:
  check-docs:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      docs-only: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.docs }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - id: filter
        run: |
          changed_files=$(git diff --name-only HEAD^)
          if echo "$changed_files" | grep -qv '^docs/'; then
            echo "docs-only=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          else
            echo "docs-only=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          fi

  build:
    needs: check-docs
    if: needs.check-docs.outputs.docs-only == 'false'
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./build-system.sh
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  1. Performance-Adaptive Testing 
name: Intelligent Test Orchestration
on: [push]

jobs:
  benchmark:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      test-profile: ${{ steps.analyze.outputs.profile }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - id: analyze
        run: |
          complexity=$(cloc --json | jq '.SUM.comment_lines')
          if (( complexity > 1000 )); then
            echo "profile=extensive" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          else
            echo "profile=basic" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          fi

  test:
    needs: benchmark
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    strategy:
      matrix:
        profile: [${{ needs.benchmark.outputs.test-profile }}]
    steps:
      - run: ./run-tests-${{ matrix.profile }}.sh
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Image description

Status Check Functions: success(), failure(), always(), and cancelled() in GitHub Actions for ci cd/setup

Tri-State Notification System

name: Smart Notifications
on: [push]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./build.sh

  notify:
    needs: build
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Success Alert
        if: ${{ success() }}
        run: ./slack-success.sh

      - name: Failure Report
        if: ${{ failure() }}
        run: ./slack-failure.sh

      - name: Cancellation Notice
        if: ${{ cancelled() }}
        run: ./slack-cancelled.sh
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  1. Self-Cleaning Workspace 
name: Auto-Clean Environment
on: [pull_request]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - run: ./run-tests.sh

      - name: Clean Resources
        if: ${{ always() }}
        run: |
          docker system prune -f
          rm -rf ./temp
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  1. Failure Forensics 
name: Debug Assistant
on: [workflow_dispatch]

jobs:
  analyze:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./flakey-process.sh

      - name: Capture Core Dump
        if: ${{ failure() }}
        run: ./capture-core-dump.sh

      - name: Upload Diagnostics
        if: ${{ failure() }}
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: failure-diagnostics
          path: /tmp/dumps
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  1. Cancellation-Aware Rollback 
name: Graceful Termination
on: [workflow_run]

jobs:
  rollback:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Restore Backup
        if: ${{ cancelled() }}
        run: ./restore-previous-version.sh

      - name: Log Cancellation
        if: ${{ cancelled() }}
        run: echo "Job $GITHUB_RUN_ID cancelled at $(date)" >> cancel.log
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  1. Conditional Deployment Gates 
name: Deployment Safeguards
on:
  push:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./run-all-tests.sh

  deploy:
    needs: test
    if: ${{ success() }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./deploy-prod.sh
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  1. Stateful Artifact Handling 
name: Smart Artifact Routing
on: [push]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./build.sh
      - run: exit 1 # Simulated failure

      - name: Upload Success Artifact
        if: ${{ success() }}
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: success-build
          path: ./dist

      - name: Upload Failure Logs
        if: ${{ failure() }}
        uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
        with:
          name: failure-logs
          path: ./logs
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  1. Parallel Outcome Processing 
name: Distributed Status Handling
on: [workflow_run]

jobs:
  job1:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./process-data.sh

  success_handler:
    needs: job1
    if: ${{ success() }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./handle-success.sh

  failure_handler:
    needs: job1
    if: ${{ failure() }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./handle-failure.sh
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  1. Matrix Status Propagation 
name: Cross-Platform Validation
on: [pull_request]

jobs:
  test:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    steps:
      - run: ./platform-tests.sh

  report:
    needs: test
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    if: ${{ contains(needs.test.result, 'failure') }}
    steps:
      - run: ./generate-cross-platform-report.sh
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  1. Approval Chain with Status Checks 
name: Tiered Verification
on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      environment:
        required: true
        default: 'staging'

jobs:
  staging:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./deploy-staging.sh

  production:
    needs: staging
    if: ${{ success() && github.event.inputs.environment == 'production' }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./deploy-prod.sh
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  1. State-Aware Caching 
name: Intelligent Caching
on: [push]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/cache@v3
        id: cache
        with:
          path: node_modules
          key: ${{ runner.os }}-node-${{ hashFiles('**/package-lock.json') }}

      - name: Install Dependencies
        if: ${{ steps.cache.outputs.cache-hit != 'true' }}
        run: npm ci

      - name: Save Cache on Failure
        if: ${{ failure() }}
        uses: actions/cache/save@v3
        with:
          path: node_modules
          key: ${{ steps.cache.outputs.cache-primary-key }}
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Mastering Conditional Logic in GitHub Actions: Practical If-Else Patterns for CI/CD

Branch-Specific Deployment Gates

name: Environment Routing
on: [push]

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Prod Deployment
        if: ${{ contains(github.ref, 'refs/heads/main') }}
        run: ./deploy-prod.sh

      - name: Staging Deployment
        if: ${{ contains(github.ref, 'refs/heads/staging') }}
        run: ./deploy-staging.sh

      - name: Dev Deployment
        if: ${{ !contains(github.ref, 'main|staging') }}
        run: ./deploy-dev.sh
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  1. Matrix Strategy with Conditional Exclusion 
name: Smart Matrix Builds
on: [push]

jobs:
  test:
    strategy:
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
        node: [18, 20]
        exclude:
          - os: windows-latest
            node: 20
            if: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' }}
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v3
        with:
          node-version: ${{ matrix.node }}
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  1. Manual Approval Workflow 
name: Production Gate
on:
  workflow_dispatch:
    inputs:
      confirm:
        description: 'Type "DEPLOY" to confirm'
        required: true

jobs:
  deploy-prod:
    if: ${{ github.event.inputs.confirm == 'DEPLOY' }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: echo "Deploying to production..."
      - run: ./deploy-prod.sh
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  1. Failure-Driven Rollback 
name: Auto-Rollback System
on: [workflow_run]

jobs:
  rollback:
    if: ${{ failure() }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - name: Restore Backup
        run: ./restore-previous-version.sh

      - name: Notify Team
        run: ./send-alert.sh
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  1. Documentation-Only Skipper 
name: Doc Impact Filter
on: [push]

jobs:
  check-changes:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      docs-only: ${{ steps.filter.outputs.result }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Detect Doc Changes
        id: filter
        run: |
          changed_files=$(git diff --name-only HEAD^)
          if [[ "$changed_files" =~ ^docs/ ]]; then
            echo "result=true" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          else
            echo "result=false" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          fi

  build:
    needs: check-changes
    if: ${{ needs.check-changes.outputs.docs-only == 'false' }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./build.sh
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  1. Tag-Based Semantic Release 
name: Automated Versioning
on:
  push:
    tags:
      - 'v*'

jobs:
  release:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - name: Parse Version
        id: version
        run: |
          echo "version=${GITHUB_REF#refs/tags/v}" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

      - name: Publish Package
        if: ${{ !contains(steps.version.outputs.version, '-') }}
        run: ./publish-stable.sh ${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}

      - name: Publish Beta
        if: ${{ contains(steps.version.outputs.version, '-beta') }}
        run: ./publish-beta.sh ${{ steps.version.outputs.version }}
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  1. Parallel Dependency Chain 
name: Parallel Pipeline
on: [push]

jobs:
  unit-test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./test-unit.sh

  integration-test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./test-integration.sh

  deploy:
    needs: [unit-test, integration-test]
    if: ${{ always() && (needs.unit-test.result == 'success' || needs.integration-test.result == 'success') }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./conditional-deploy.sh
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  1. Environment-Specific Configuration 
name: Contextual Config
on: [push]

jobs:
  setup:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      env: ${{ steps.detect.outputs.env }}
    steps:
      - name: Detect Environment
        id: detect
        run: |
          if [[ ${{ github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' }} ]]; then
            echo "env=prod" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          else
            echo "env=dev" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          fi

  build:
    needs: setup
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    env:
      DEPLOY_ENV: ${{ needs.setup.outputs.env }}
    steps:
      - run: ./build.sh --env $DEPLOY_ENV
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  1. A*uto-Cancel Redundant Workflows* 
name: Efficient CI
on: [push]

concurrency:
  group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
  cancel-in-progress: ${{ github.ref != 'refs/heads/main' }}

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - run: ./build.sh
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  1. Composite Condition Validation 
name: Multi-Factor Check
on:
  pull_request:
    types: [opened, synchronize]

jobs:
  validate:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Check Requirements
        id: checks
        run: |
          echo "has_tests=$([ -d "tests" ] && echo "true" || echo "false")" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT
          echo "docs_updated=$([ $(git diff HEAD^ -- docs/ | wc -l) -gt 0 ] && echo "true" || echo "false")" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

      - name: Approve PR
        if: ${{ steps.checks.outputs.has_tests == 'true' && steps.checks.outputs.docs_updated == 'true' }}
        run: gh pr review --approve
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